• Authors: Titi Tiara Anasstasia
  
• From: Magister Teknologi untuk Pengembangan Berkelanjutan (MTPB) Sekolah Pasca Sarjana UGM
  

Abstract:

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important tool to calculate and to assess potential environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to illustrate the use of LCA in (1) comparing the production of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polycarbonates (PC) water-filled bottles and (2) comparing 2 scenarios in adipic acid production namely incinerate lignin and sell the lignin as byproduct. OpenLCA software has been used for LCA calculations. The LCA calculations estimate a number of environmental impacts such as photochemical oxidation potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential, acidification potential, ozone depletion potential, and delpetion of fossil fuels. This study demonstrates the use of 4 standard steps in an LCA study: goal and scope definition, boundaries definition and functional unit, inventory analysis (LCI) and impact assessment (LCIA). For the bottle production case study, the LCA results showed that PET bottle production in general has lower environmental impact than PC. For the adipic acid production, ?incinerate the lignin? scenario to substitute a portion of energy demand in adipic acid production in general gave lower environmental impacts than selling the lignin. This study reveals the role of LCA as a decision making tool to evaluate a production process by using life cycle principles. As a result, better assessment of environmentally friendly products or processes can be made. read more

• Author: FX. Ari Agung Prastowo
  
• From: Lecturer of Public Relations Studies, Faculty of Communication, Padjadjaran University
  

Abstract:

Democracy often used as a “shield” by political actors, that in the era of democracy, the political elite is free to communicate political messages to his constituents with the aim to obtain support in reaching the coveted power with the use of any communication channels, with the contents of the message in accordance with the desire of political actors and by any means. Political actors often do not understand that they are a “public figure”, where they become a learning tool for the community in terms of political education. In fact, political actors often do politicalcommunication using the political language that are far away from the moral values in accordance to the nation?s culture. Ethic is a value and a moral norm that becomes a foundation in regulating behavior of an individual, including communication behavior. Therefore, ethics should be the moral demand which is used as aguide and handbook for political actors. As a moral demand, the ethics of political communication require actors doing political communications that hold on to the prevailing system of values in society. The nature of ethics serves; (1) to inquire the norms adopted deemed valid. Investigate what basic norm it is and whether it is the basics to justify obedience demanded by a norm towards norms to be able to deal. ; (2) the ethics of asking questions about legitimacy, meaning that the norm that is unable defend itself from critical question will be disenfranchised;(3) the ethics also questions the right of every institution such as parents, schools, a country, a religion and togive instructions or restrictions that must be obeyed; (4) Ethics give the provision for human beings to take a rational attitude towards all the norms.; (5) The ethics become a tool of a rationaland responsible thinking for an expert and for anyone who does not want to be swayed by the existing norms. Political actors in Indonesia should be doing political communications that refers back to the nation’s identity, where Indonesia has noble values that are capable of maintaining unity in the community. Thus, will produce political communications that is cool, brightening, peaceful, harmonious and brings social change for the community. read more

• Author: Dr. Sukamdi, M.Sc.
  
• From: Policy Studies, Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada
  

Abstract:

One of the problems faced by educational sector in Indonesia was the high level of drop-out rates. Even though 9-years compulsory basic education program in Indonesia was classified as successful, the number of children under the age of compulsory study who only finished the elementary school was still high. The establishment of 12-years basic education program as stated in Nawacita has been another challenge faced in order to reduce the drop-out rate in Indonesia. The government has conducted several policies in educational sector which has showed a good result, but there were still several problems and other policy agenda needed to be addressed. The most important thing to be done was increasing the access, especially of poor people, towards educational services. On the other side, the Government of Indonesia also faced the challenge to increase the quality of education in general. Related to the increase access of people towards educational services, especially BSM program, an interesting issue appeared: whether or not the program has been effective in reaching its goals? What efforts conducted by the government to improve the implementation of the program? Those questions became the important as the setting of this research conducted. This research used mixed methods approach by combining both qualitative and quantitative approach. The design used in the research was sequential explanatory method. In that designed, the quantitative research would be conducted first by using secondary data analysis. The result of the first phase would be followed by the second approach: qualitative. The result of the research shows as follows. First, BSM program could be more effective in eliminating the financial problem faced by marginalized students in Bojonegoro Regency. Second, the efforts showed by the government to provide educational aid through BSM program using cards have not yet showed am encouraging results, Even though the implementation of the program, especially when the card distribution was extended, from 432 households surveyed in Bojonegoro Regency, there was only 18.5% of the households whose children already received BSM cards. From the potential beneficiary children of BSM as the respondent, it was only 15.2% of them who already received BSM cards. Unless they were assisted by KPS cards which could also be used to access BSM fund, the educational aid through BSM could be classified as less successful. Third, the sustainable increase of performance and implementation of BSM program could support the 12-years basic education program, included the vocational and non-formal education, as well as developing the better workforce for the future of Indonesia. read more

• Author: Taufiqurrohim
  
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies
  

Abstract:

The current riot of Tanjung Balai in Medan tells more about not only violence inside the case but also the background of the social motive regarding its attacking on the Viharas due its religious belief. The complaining of adzan sound from one the Buddhism believer become the reasonable aggression of the Islamic adherents. So, the reconciling view of the phenomena could be needed as the advocatable discourses of repertoire to find its ecological justice as the basic reason of the cultural awareness. The perspective of the ecological nuance can also trace the basic conception of the ecological crisis which effected to the moral and spiritual extremity. Interestingly in ecological view, it could be find the consideration of the globalized and modern world as the evidence of the nature and cultural destruction which those kinds of the culture also influenced to the religious public life. read more

• Authors: Mulhidin
  
• From: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Technology for Sustainable Development, Universitas Gadjah Mada
  

Abstract:

Mahogany sawdust is one of the most promising biomass waste due to its abundant and untapped existence. Utilization of mahogany waste is currently limited to solid fuels and a small portion for the mixture in particle board manufacturing. In this research, conversion waste of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) method will be done to produce solid and liquid product. The liquid product will be characterized to find derivative compounds which may act as natural textile dyes. On the other hand, solid products are characterized to determine their properties as solid fuels. Experiments were conducted in temperature of 200oC, 240oC, 270oC, and 300oC at an initial pressure 1 MPa for 30 minutes. In addition, there was also a variation of biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) with a ratio1:20, 2:20 and 3:20 (at temperature of 250 oC). The characterization of solid product was carried out by proximate analysis while the liquid product was characterized using HPLC and GC-MS. The last one is color testing by coloring the fabric, color quality test and color naming using Munsell color chart. read more

• Author: Subandri Simbolon
  
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  

Abstract:

Recently, scholars of religious studies have called for new appreciation of indigenous peoples? understandings of the ecosystems of which they are a part as a necessary alternative way of thinking about environmental sustainability in the face of ecological crises (Harvey, 2000; Tucker and Grim, 2003; Wei-Ming, 2007). This paper aims to analyze the concept of the ecological religion of the Toba Batak in order to revitalize the local religious wisdoms that shape their relationship with their natural environment. The questions: first, what is the ecological religion concept of the Batak Toba in perceiving and relating to their environment and how do they apply that concept? Second, how do their ecological religion practices shape how they maintain their environment? This analysis is based on field research, including interviews and living in the Toba Batak community in Sianjur Mula-mula Village, Samosir District near Lake Toba in North Sumatera Province. For many years, scholars and religious leaders perceived the Toba Batak as animistic and uncivilized, but, turning this around, I argue that Toba Batak’s religion should be seen as an indigenous religion. By using this perspective, I show that they have an inter-subjective relationship with the environment around them. This kind of relationship is built on tondi, the power of life (Warneck: 1909, Nainggolan:2012) given by Debata Mula Jadi Na Bolon (Batak God’s name) to all subjects in the world. Then, the existence of tondi gives rise to an intersubjective relationship based on responsibility, ethics and reciprocity between subjects, which include aspects of nature like water, forests, trees and animals. For example, they frequently clean up the water spring as their responsibility to the water?s tondi, who called Namboru (Aunt) Saniang Naga. I show how the concept of Toba Batak religion in relationship with their environment is being transformed in the midst of changing times today. This transformation has led to many problems. They face pressures when they implemented their ecological wisdom in making rice planting rituals in rice fields. Unlike previous studies which have mostly discussed Toba Batak Religion as objects of research, this study contributes to ecological studies in religious studies because it focuses on environmental sustainability in order to comprehend how this society is trying to revitalize their local wisdom to sustain their natural environment. read more

• Author: Sunarru Samsi Hariadi
  
• From: Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada
  

Abstract:

Agriculture business is a profitable chance to compete in Asean Econommic Community (AEC). Young farmers must be able to take risk. Therefore, motivation is necessarily needed to reach success. As known, they are the next generation of farmers and government support them by developing the regeneration of farmers. This research was conducted in Sleman Regency, where the active young farmers are found in holding agriculture business. This qualitative research was held through in-depth interview with the opinion leader, field workers, and government. Additionally, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was also done to explore various problems of horticulture business. This research was conducted in Sleman Sub Districts, an agraric area where most of the society are farmers and they belong to farmer group as well. Nevertheless, most of them are graduated from junior high school but they have willingness to take part in group activities, especially on horticulture business development. Furthermore, some of them also implement the business to help their parents working as farmers although they are not officially work as farmer. Research result showed that motivation has positive influence towards young farmers’ participation improvement. It is poven by the high number of young farmers in horticulture group activities. However, the role of field workers and family are preferably required to support their horticulture business activities. read more

• Author: Ali Ja’far
• From: Center for Religious and Cross Cultural Studies UGM-Yogyakarta

Abstract:

The idea of development does not always concern on the idea of empowerment. Recently, after decentralization policy established in Indonesia and the idea of rural economic development flourished, local community resource was much explored to enhance local revenue and to gain community prosperity. Hence, there are still serious problems within development design that is about the neglected ethic and value toward resources. This research was focused on strong rejection from local community over the exploration of cement factory toward the mountain in the southern Rembang and unpacking what are missing in the negotiation. Examining Kathrine Marshal?s idea about common cases of neglected values in the modern development, and Hallowell?s idea about inter-personal relation, this research then attempts to unpack how deagrarianization in the heartland of Central Java has endangered agrarian community religious values that worsen the conflict. Through ethnographic research, this paper has a significant finding; First is that the proposed development does not consider local religious value of agrarian community in seeing the mountain as ?person? that integrated in the pivotal body of their agrarian structure. Secondly, the developer and government are lacking the ample room about local spiritual wisdom in seeing the equilibrium relation between human and nature as well as lacking in seeing agrarian religious practice in seeing the earth compassionately. The third is that local communities are having local idea about economic development as the reason behind preserving agrarian identities. read more

• Author: Evi Novianti
  
• From: Prodi Hubungan Masyarakat, Universitas Padjadjaran
  

Abstract:

Globalization and technological advances have helped humans to more easily interact with people who have different cultures. This can make it easier to communicate with everyone. The difference in distance and time is not an obstacle to narrow the interactions between citizens. The ease of communicating that can affect individual activities to build the economy, politics and culture as well as be able to establish a bond that leads to marriage between citizens. Marriages between citizens who are then referred to as a marriage of mixed (interracial marriage), the event will be based on marriage is by a variety of differences, ranging from culture, habits and languages. In the household of ethnic difference needed a language that can be understood by each pair of different languages. Different languages can result in small and large conflicts, for that adjustment needs to be done so that the expectations of each partner could be fulfilled. Ethnic difference in marriage there are consequences that must be considered, namely, the voice of disagreement either from parents or extended family. This is due to the existence of differences both from the culture, mindset, habit or Outlook on life. One of the weddings, that adjustment factor adjustment to family, a man or woman who married not only married her partner, but also with the family of his wife. read more

• Author: Ute Lies Siti Khadijah
• From: Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Unpad

Abstract:

The research is investigating about The Role of Reading Library Community as Media of Literate Education. By using method of Participatory Rural Appraisal and collecting data through the interview, observation,FGD and library studying the research?s purpose are to know the role of reading library community as media of literate education, the problem which exist during the development of reading library community, planning about literate information. The source is taken from PKK participants, POSYANDU participants and people who involve in children preschool education, and important figure in the community. The research?s result shows that the reading library community have the important role as a media where the community can learn especially to make them realize how important the education and the interest of reading are, the biggest problem in developing the reading library community is the development of the location and resources, the planning program of literate information still have problem in applying literate cycle. The problem can be overcome by doing the proper arrangement and involved the whole level in the community. read more