• Authors: Abdul Mujib
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-Cultura Studies Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract:

Environmental school is a good way to introduce student for preserving the nature. By involving education, student can sustain their environmental awareness with religion and science. As their foundation, student can balance among religion, science and ecology. Environmental school (Sekolah Alam) also becomes a new model of learning to save the nature. Bruno Latour’s theory about ecologizing modernity is compatible with this way. However, Sekolah Citra Alam as a prototype of environmental education is based on religion. Although, among religion, science and ecology are balance in this school, but when it is seen at conceptualization of digging ecology, it is lack of knowledge about understanding deep ecology, gaia or anthropocene. Sekolah Citra Alam Ciganjur only teaches about how to be close and to maintain the nature. I criticize environmental school since it is still verycostly, and it can only be reached by rich-people. The model of environmental school is a good-way to respect nature and environment for children as the next generation. read more

• Authors: Passavon Sungsorn
  
• From: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University

Abstract:

were established at Wat Benchamabophit (Marble temple) and Sanamseupah area, which both are close to royal residences. The fairs had been popular due to their various leisure activities such as performance entertainment, retail shops and particularly, gambling. The winter fairs had been divided as the elites? area (Pumeebandasak) with the entrance fee and the commoners? area (Sampek) without any fee. This reflects how the winter fairs had served as the leisure spaces for both the elites and commoners. In fact, on occasion entrepreneurs had to ask permission with the interior minister to set up gambling by guaranteeing charitable aims rather than their own business profits. It reflects the unique leisure and entertainment in Bangkok before the World War II era. That also reflects a social transformation from rural leisure places such as Wat fairs (Buddhist temple fairs) or local gambling dens to the winter fairscomplex entertainment spaces with modern electricity and urbanization. The winter fairs are not only the representation of Bangkok leisure before the World War II era but also reflect a unique social transformation, modernization, and urbanization within the history of Bangkok. read more

• Authors: Simon Ntamwana
• From: American Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University

Abstract:

This paper examines the concern of man to improve his life condition through scientific experiment in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Rappaccini’s Daughter”. Through an investigation of the impact of Doctor Rappaccini’s experiments on the fauna and flora, it further explores the environmental constraints upon scientific endeavour. Against the backdrop of the poststructuralist literary approach and ecocriticism, the paper anchors on the assumption that nature places tight constraints on the anthropological strife to better life on the basis of science. Based upon descriptive qualitative method and library documentation, the research findings indicate that research area, subjects, and instruments of any study carried out to improve human life condition should be in accord with environmental sustainability standards. read more

• Authors: Frian Violita Daraninggar
• From: Magister Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, Universitas Diponegoro)

Abstract:

Nowadays, in the era of rapid globalization, improving competitiveness of enterprises depends on the improvement of their business performance. While there are many methods and techniques that affect business performance, transformational leadership through training, job competence and performance of employees has become one of the influential and the impact on business performance. Although it is known that transformational leadership improve business performance; in recent years, has started to conduct different studies in order to further improve efficiency. The opinion states that the employee’s performance is one of the most important of them has grown. This study emphasizes the importance of the mediation role of employee performance improvement in the relationship between transformational leadership and business performance with a strategic approach. It tries to prove the contribution of more than one type of employee performance to business performance of the company through transformational leadership abilities. The purpose of our research is to reveal whether training, job competence and effective employee performance as a secondary variable for the effect of transformational leadership on business performance. read more

• Authors: Azis Anwar Fahcrodin
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract:

The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) has sparked debates among scholars on the connection between religion and violence. ISIS provides Islamic-based justifications for its violent acts such as beheading, burning alive its prisoners, enslaveng its female captives, stoning adulterers, cutting off the hands of thieves, killing homosexuals and those whom ISIS considers heretics, destroying statues and tombs believed by ISIS to be sources of shirk or idolatrous act, and many others. How should, then, one assess an answer to the question of whether ISIS?s violent acts are caused by, or at least have something to do with, religion (i.e. Islam, in this case)? To answer this question, this paper examines such justifications through the established theories of the discourse on religious violence. It takes four examples: (1) ISIS?s theology or creeds; (2) the practice of burning captives alive; (3) the destruction of tombs; and (4) the revival of slavery. Data are taken from ISIS?s pamphlets distributed through particular websites or social media platforms that advance its justifications behind its violent acts. I argue that the religion of Islam (as interpreted by ISIS) has a significant role in ISIS’s violence. ISIS’s creed and violence echo what Mark Juergensmeyer calls “cosmic war”, a battle perceived by ISIS to symbolically represent war between God and devil and, as such, elevates mundane battle to a more deadly and beyond this-worldly level. Further, some of ISIS?s violent acts, as seen through its justifications, are most likely caused solely by its interpretation of Islam; thus viewing ISIS?s religious violence through an instrumentalist perspective (i.e. that religion is just a tool or a disguise to cover ISIS’s “secular” agenda) fails to capture the whole phenomenon. I propose that ISIS’s ideology functions as an intervening variable in that it escalates the level of violence and defines who is friend and who is enemy. read more

• Authors: Sirirat Taneerananon
• From: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of the village leaders? viewpoints as one part of the results of a research on the ultra-poor in the south of Thailand, revisited after 10 years since the original study was conducted in the year 2000. The original study was conducted in four provinces. The first two namely Phatthalung and Nakhon Si Thammarat were chosen to represent the Thai Buddhists and the others, Satun and Pattani were chosen to represent the Thai Muslims. For this study, only the results from the three provinces except Pattani are reported as it was difficult and dangerous to conduct fieldwork in Pattani due to the continued unrest in the area since 2005. The objectives of the study are to find out the changes of the poverty situation after 10 years and to see the impacts of the poverty reduction projects implemented by the government on the poor. The research methodology used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The same villages in the four provinces studied in 1999 were again chosen. In each village, five ultra-poor people and heads of the villages were interviewed. The poor were interviewed with the structured questionnaire with an open end question to obtain the causes of poverty. For the village leaders, the in-depth interviews with a set of 14 questions were used to find out their points of views on the impacts of the government’s poverty reduction projects, the overall poverty situation, the most needed assistance for the village and the poor and the opinions on the poverty reduction solution over the past ten years. The results show that the leaders emphasized the importance of the development of infrastructure (roads, pipe water, electricity, reservoirs). They were satisfied with the projects that involved participation of the villagers in the decision making process and implementation of the projects. They criticized the top down approach projects from the government. The needs assessment should be conducted before the implementation of the projects. They also thought that projects should be given serious follow up and evaluation to achieve good results. Even though some projects did not address directly the needs of the poor, they helped improve the quality of life of the poor and non-poor of the village. read more

• Authors: Fahrurrazi
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-Cultural Studies Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract:

Environmental issues are our problem today. Therefore this article will present the function of religion as represented Pesantren, Islamic educational institution, especially in Eco-Pesantren Ath-Thaariq in West Java. This article will trace the religious idea and its ecological practices implemented in agricultural practices in reducing our environmental degradations beside as a place for education, by exploring some literatures, including in its website and interview with its leader. The result shows that Eco-Pesantren Ath-Thaariq has implemented the Islamic principle in their agricultural activities by promoting agro-ecology as a response of the crisis. In fact there is no explicit explanation of agriculture in the Qur?an or Hadith as the Islamic foundation. Yet, the Eco-Pesantren Ath-Thaariq by giving another view of concept ?no harm? in the earth that the concept does not only discusses about the moral degradation that should be repaired, but also environmental degradation that should be repaired, so that agroecology there teaches people how they should interact with the earth as the source of life. read more

• Authors: Ifan Deffinika
• From: Population Studies Program, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract:

This study aims to assess the infant mortality rate in West Nusa Tenggara using the Mosley and Chen framework. This research uses secondary data obtained from 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). In order to examine the factors predicting IMR, Logit regression analysis was applied. The finding show that Infant Mortality rate in West Nusa Tenggara is 42, this number is lower than data from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2012. Infant mortality rate in West Nusa Tenggara Province is higher in rural area. Infant mortality have been associated with breastfeeding, household?s economic level, the number of antenatal visits and the health of household environment. Overall, the independent variable accounted for effect reach 20,8%. The primary factors that have the most impact on infant mortality in West Nusa Tenggara Province is household?s economic level read more

• Authors: Artyasit Srisuwan
• From: Faculty of Liberal Arts (History), Thammasat University, Thailand)

Abstract:

This article studies the Siam’s Crimes during 1920’s – 1930’s by using primary sources as the text for content analysis. It categorizes into three parts. The first part surveys and explains about the background of Lam Tat and Klon Lam Tat in print. The second part considers the bandit and murder cases in Siam, which presents through the newspapers and paperbacks. The third analyzes Haji Kiad’s works and his view on the incident as a Bangkokian Muslim, including his criticism about Siam’s Crimes and the government efficiency throughout his Klon Lam Tat. read more

• Authors: Mochammad Maola
• From: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract:

Pesantren is an Islamic traditional educational institutions in Indonesia which has a very old age. But as the development of the modern education system in the form of public schools ranging from elementary, middle, high, up to university, it makes the role of pesantren are being abandoned and reduced. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia which has many pesantren throughout Indonesia. NU realize that Pesantren become less popular than the public schools. In 2014, NU launched the “Ayo Mondok” movement, a movement to arouse the interest of society to study at pesantren. The crucial turning point was when in 2015, NU held a conference and promoting the idea of “Islam Nusantara”. Various movements to promote Islam with Indonesian special character became the primary mission of NU, including education according to Islam Nusantara. While the latest news, since the current goverment had a strong relationship with NU, in May 2016 the Ministry of Religion legitimates 13 Ma’had Aly in Indonesia to be equivalent with undergraduate program at university. Meaning, Ma’had Aly graduates will have a degree (S.Ag / Sarjana Agama / Bachelor of Religion), equal with an undergraduate degree in particular Islamic universities. The questions will be adressed are; (1) How does the changes that have been made by Pesantren that have Ma’had Aly which was legitimated by the state? (2) How does the endurance and strategy of Pesantren that have Ma’had Aly, but did not participate in Ma’had Aly which are legitimated by the state? (3) How does the relationship between the state and pesantren after the Ministry of Religion legitimation? This study will examine Pesantren that have legitimated Ma?had Aly and compared with Pesantren that have illegitimate Ma?had Aly. The research will be conducted qualitatively through observation, interviews, and supported by the literature related to the discourse. The results of this study supposed to be a guide of future direction of Islamic education and state relations. read more